Measles, also known as rubeola, is an acute and contagious viral illness that affects children. It is considered one of the most common childhood diseases. After recovering from measles, a person develops lifelong immunity, meaning they will not contract the disease again.

Types of Measles

-         Typical Measles (Rubeola): Caused by the rubeola virus.

-         German Measles (Rubella): Caused by the rubella virus. This type is less contagious and has milder symptoms than typical measles, but it can be dangerous if contracted by a pregnant woman, as it may pose a serious risk to the fetus during pregnancy.

Causes of Measles

Measles is transmitted from an infected person to others through respiratory droplets, either:

-         Directly: When a healthy person inhales droplets expelled by an infected individual, or

-         Indirectly: When a healthy person touches a contaminated surface and then touches their mouth or nose.

The virus can live on surfaces for several hours. A person with measles can be contagious from five days before the onset of symptoms to five days after they appear.

Symptoms of Measles

Measles symptoms are generally similar in infants, children, and adults, and may include:

-         High fever lasting about three days

-         Severe runny nose

-         Dry cough

-         Sore throat

-         Redness and burning in the eyes

-         Muscle aches

Symptoms usually last between 7 to 10 days.

Complications of Measles

Possible complications of measles include:

-         Middle ear infection, which may cause ear pain

-         Bronchitis or pneumonia

-         Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

-         Diarrhea and vomiting, which can lead to dehydration

-         Conjunctivitis (eye inflammation)

-         Febrile seizures (seizures caused by high fever)

Is Measles Contagious to Pregnant Women?

Yes. Measles can infect a pregnant woman if she has not been immunized. If a pregnant woman contracts measles, she may be at risk of the following complications:

-         Miscarriage

-         Premature birth

-         Low birth weight of the baby

How to Prevent Measles

Measles can be prevented by receiving the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella). This vaccine is part of the routine immunization schedule in most countries and is usually administered at the end of the first year of life.