Impetigo is a contagious skin infection that commonly affects children. It is characterized by superficial red sores and blisters that are typically covered by a thick yellowish crust. These lesions most often appear on the face, particularly around the nose and mouth.

Although impetigo is generally not considered a serious condition and symptoms usually resolve within two to three weeks, in certain cases it may lead to complications.

The infection is most commonly seen in infants and young children and can affect various parts of the body, although it typically appears on the face, around the nose and mouth, the hands, and the neck.

Impetigo is highly contagious and can spread through direct contact with an infected person or by sharing personal items such as towels, bed linens, and clothing. If the infection spreads, it can cause significant discomfort and distress for the patient.

Causes and Risk Factors of Impetigo

Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection caused by Streptococcus (strep) bacteria or other bacterial species. It commonly results from infection with Staphylococcus aureus (staph) or Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep).
These bacteria may reside harmlessly on the skin’s surface. However, when the skin barrier is compromised by a cut, crack, or other injury, the bacteria can penetrate the skin and cause infection.

In adults, impetigo often develops following a break in the skin, typically caused by an underlying dermatological condition such as eczema or dermatitis.
In children, the infection usually occurs after minor skin trauma such as cuts, abrasions, or insect bites.
Transmission can also occur through direct skin contact with an infected individual or by sharing contaminated personal items such as towels, pillowcases, or clothing.

Symptoms of Impetigo

Common signs and symptoms of impetigo include:

1.     Redness of the skin

2.     Pus-filled blisters or lesions

3.     Itching and irritation

4.     A thin honey-colored crust forming over affected areas

5.     Swelling of the lymph nodes near the site of infection

Prevention of Impetigo

Preventive measures for impetigo include the following recommendations:

• Bathe or shower regularly.

• Use soap to keep the skin clean.

• Take care of irritated or broken skin by avoiding exposure to insect bites.

• Keep affected skin areas clean, covered, and avoid scratching.

• Wash hands frequently with soap and water.

• Keep fingernails trimmed and clean to reduce the risk of skin injury and contamination.

Complications of Impetigo

Although impetigo is generally mild, it may lead to complications in rare cases, including:

1.     Kidney inflammation (post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis)

2.     Spread of infection to other areas of the body

3.     Permanent skin scarring or pigmentation changes